Stealing from the Saracens: how Islamic architecture shaped Europe

Christopher Wren: the arch-synthesiser

Gothic architecture: 'the Saracen style'

The pre-Islamic inheritance: pagan and early Christian architecture in Syria

The first Islamic empire: the Umayyads in Syria (661-750)

Andalusia: the Umayyads in Spain (756-1492)

The Abbasid and Fatimid caliphates (750-1258)

Gateways to Europe (800-1400)

The Seljuks, the Ottomans and Sinan (1075-1924)

The revivals: Neo-Gothic, Neo-Saracenic, Neo-Moorish (1717-2026)

Iconic buildings of Europe: a gallery of images with key influences.