Para power: how paraprofessional labor changed education

Introduction: In search of Para power

From aides to Paras: Creating new forms of educational work

"They made themselves essential": Paraprofessional educators go to work in New York City, 1967-1970

"The triumph of the paraprofessionals": Paraprofessional educators unionize in New York City, 1967-1970

"You can never believe your good luck": Paraprofessional educators and their allies in New York City in the 1970s

A union of paraprofessionals? The American

Federation of Teachers and paraprofessional organizing in the 1970s

New careers and parent implementation: New York models for federal education programs

"Mayor Koch, meet a workaholic": Fiscal crisis, political realignment, and the end of the paraprofessional movement

Epilogue: Paraprofessional educators on the front lines, once again.