Divided we stand: American workers and the struggle for Black equality

Introduction: "Something in the 'atmosphere' of America"

pt. 1. Longshoremen

The logic and limits of solidarity, 1850s-1920s

New York: "They... helped to create themselves out of what they found around them"

Waterfront unionism and "race solidarity": from the Crescent City to the City of Angels

pt. 2. Steelworkers

Ethnicity and race in steel's nonunion era

"Regardless of creed, color, or nationality": steelworkers and civil rights (I)

"We are determined to secure justice now": steelworkers and civil rights (II)

"The steel was hot, the jobs were dirty, and it was war": class, race, and working-class agency in Youngstown

Epilogue: "Other energies, other dreams": toward a new labor movement.

Introduction: "Something in the 'atmosphere' of America"

pt. 1. Longshoremen

The logic and limits of solidarity, 1850s-1920s

New York: "They ... helped to create themselves out of what they found around them"

Waterfront unionism and "race solidarity": from the Crescent City to the City of Angels

pt. 2. Steelworkers

Ethnicity and race in steel's nonunion era

"Regardless of creed, color, or nationality": steelworkers and civil rights (I)

"We are determined to secure justice now": steelworkers and civil rights (II)

"The steel was hot, the jobs were dirty, and it was war": class, race, and working-class agency in Youngstown

Epilogue: "Other energies, other dreams": toward a new labor movement.